Korean: Verb+야 되다/하다 | Should, Must
This time, let's learn how to use 'verb + 야 되다/하다' to express the meaning of 'must' and 'should'.
Table of Contents
This time, let's learn how to use "verb + 야 되다/하다" to express the meaning of "must" and "should".
Verb + 야 되다 / Verb + 야 하다
Basically, by adding "야 되다" or "야 하다" after the verb, it means "must do..." or "should do...".
요 type of verb + 야 + "되다" or "하다
The 요 form of a verb is related to the vowel of the stem. For more details, please refer to Korean: About Verb 동사 + 아/어요, 해요.
So it can be further broken down into the following rules. If you have already mastered the variation of 요 type of verbs, you should be able to understand it quickly.
If the vowel of the verb stem is "ㅏ,ㅗ,ㅑ ", use "아 야 되다" or "아 야 하다".
If the vowel of the verb stem is not "ㅏ,ㅗ,ㅑ ", use "어 야 되다" or "어 야 하다".
Let's see some examples below. 되다 and 하다 can be used either way.
English | Korean | 야 되다/하다 |
---|---|---|
go | 가다 | 가야 되다 |
sleep | 자다 | 자야 되다 |
write | 쓰다 | 써야 되다 |
play | 놀다 | 놀아야 되다 |
have, be | 있다 | 있어야 되다 |
prepare | 준비하다 | 준비해야 되다 |
Prototype, honorific, non-honorific
Let's talk a little bit about the variations of prototypes, honorific types, and non-honorific types. When you want to make a honorific or non-honorific expression, just change the 되다 or 하다 at the end.
Prototype | 해요type | 합니다type | non-honorific |
---|---|---|---|
야 되다 | 야 돼요 | 야 됩니다 | 야 돼 |
야 하다 | 야 해요 | 야 합니다 | 야 해 |
Questionable sentences
Let's talk about questionable sentences.For the 해요 type, you only need to raise the final tone (to "요?").
In the case of 합니다, replace 다 with "까? and that's it.
prototype | 해요type | 합니다type | non-honorific |
---|---|---|---|
야 되다 | 야 돼요? | 야 됩니까? | 야 돼? |
야 하다 | 야 해요? | 야 합니까? | 야 해? |
Past tense
For the part about the transitive, there are two verbs in the sentence pattern, so we need to make a little distinction. We have a question: Do we need to change both of them into the past tense? Or should I just change the last one to the past tense?
First of all, 되다/하다 should be replaced with the past tense "됐다/했다" as a correct first step.
Then, it is necessary to refer to whether the action was done or not.
For example,
어제 전화 해야어요.
I had to call you yesterday. (So called)
어제 전화 했어야했어는데.
_I should have called you yesterday. (Because I didn't, so ended with 는데 to express my exclamation.) _
Conclusion.
If the action is completed, the verb's tense is "present tense".
If the action is not completed, the verb's tense is "past tense".
Sentences
사무실로 돌아 가야합니다.
I have to back to the office.
언제까지 여기에 있어야해요?
Until when should I be there?
가족에게 편지를 써야합니다.
I need to write a letter to family.
지난 주말에 숙제를 끝내야했어요.
I had to finish my homework last weekend.
Conclusion
- By adding "야 되다" or "야 하다" after the 요 type of the verb, it can mean "must do... or "should do...".
- The 요 type of the verb is related to the vowel of the stem. Therefore, it is integrated as "verb + 아/어 야 되다/하다".
- For past tense, if the action was not done, both verbs are changed to the past tense. If the action was done, 되다/하다 is replaced with the past tense 됐다/했다.