Korean: 르 irregular
Most of the Korean adjectives and verbs, such as 아/어요, are used according to the basic rules of variation, but there are some exceptions, which are irregular variations (also known as variation rules). Common irregular variations include 으 irregular, ㄹ irregular, ㅂ irregular, ㅅ irregular, ㄷ irregular, 르 irregular, and ㅎ irregular.
Table of Contents
Irregularities
Most Korean adjectives and verbs follow the basic rules of variation, such as 아/어요, but some exceptions exist, and these exceptions are irregular variations.
Common irregular variations are
- 으 irregular
- ㄹ irregular
- ㅂ irregular
- ㅅ irregular
- ㄷ irregular
- 르 irregular
- ㅎ irregular
This article introduces the use of 르 irregular.
르 irregular
Some adjectives and verbs have a stem that ends in 르 (e.g. 모르다, 부르다) and is followed by a ㅇ (e.g. 아/어요), the stem changes.
This change is called the 르 irregularity.
Below, we introduce the ㅂ니다 form, the 요 form, and the past tense variation.
ㅂ니다形
Same as the normal rules.
ex: 모르다 -> 모릅니다。
요形
Varies according to the vowel of the preceding syllable of the 르 syllable.
1. When the vowel is "ㅏ,ㅗ
The basic rule is that if the vowel is "ㅏ,ㅗ", 아요 is added at the end.
For the 르 irregular, replace the 르 with ㄹ라 and add 요 at the end.
For example, 모르다 -> 몰라요.
2. When the vowel is other than "ㅏ,ㅗ
The basic rule is that when the vowel is other than "ㅏ,ㅗ", 어요 is added after it.
For the 르 variant, replace the 르 with ㄹ러 and add 요 at the end.
For example, 부르다 -> 불러요.
3. Exceptions
따르다, 들르다, 지르다 are to be used live according to the 르 variant.
따르다 → 따라요
들르다 → 들러요
지르다 → 질러요
Past tense
The variation rule is similar to the 요-type.
1. When the vowel is "ㅏ,ㅗ
In the case of 르 irregular, replace the 르 with ㄹ라 and add ㅆ다 at the end.
For example, 모르다 -> 몰라요 -> 몰랐어요.
2. When the vowel is other than "ㅏ,ㅗ
For the 으 irregular, replace the 르 with ㄹ라 and add ㅆ다 at the end.
For example, 부르다 -> 불러요 -> 불렀어요.
Summary
The following summarizes a table.
verb/adj. | 르 irregular | 르 irregular's past tense |
---|---|---|
모르다 | 몰라요 | 몰랐어요 |
빠르다 | 빨라요 | 빨랐어요 |
자르다 | 잘라요 | 잘랐어요 |
오르다 | 올라요 | 올랐어요 |
부르다 | 불러요 | 불렀어요 |
흐르다 | 흘러요 | 흘렀어요 |