Korean: ㅅ irregular

Irregularities

Most Korean adjectives and verbs follow the basic rules of variation, such as 아/어요, but some exceptions exist, and these exceptions are irregular variations.
Common irregular variations are

• 으 irregular
• ㄹ irregular
• ㅂ irregular
• ㅅ irregular
• ㄷ irregular
• 르 irregular
• ㅎ irregular

This article introduces the use of ㄷ irregular.

ㅅ irregular

「whether or not」！？ Does it mean that not all the ㄷ-final words have to be changed irregularly?

→ Yes, some of them should be ㅅ irregular and some should be ㅅ regular.

examples of ㅅ irregular，낫다(well, healed), 붓다(pour, inject), 긋다(draw a line), 잇다(catch), 짓다(cook, build), 젓다(stir).
examples of ㅅ regular，씻다(laugh), 씻다(wash), 벗다(take off), 솟다(emerge), 빗다(comb), 빼앗다(snatch).

First, let's explain the usage of ㄷ irregular.

Irregular usage.
    remove the ㅅ

Then we will continue to introduce the ㅂ니다 form, 요 form, and past tense variations.

ㅂ니다 type

Same as the normal rules.
ex: 낫다 -> 낫습니다

요 type

Varies according to the vowel of the ㅅ syllable.

1. When the vowel is "ㅏ,ㅗ

The basic rule is that if the vowel is "ㅏ,ㅗ", 아요 is added at the end.
For the ㅅ variant, remove the ㅅ and add 아요 at the end.
For example, 낫다 -> 나아요.

2. When the vowel is other than "ㅏ,ㅗ

The basic rule is that when the vowel is other than "ㅏ,ㅗ", 어요 is added after it.
For the ㅅ variant, remove the ㅅ and add 어요 at the end.
For example，짓다 -> 지어요.

Past tense

The variation rule is similar to the 요-type.

1. When the vowel is "ㅏ,ㅗ

For the ㅅ variant, remove the ㅅ and add ㅆ다(or ㅆ어요) at the end. For example, 낫다 -> 나았다 -> 나았어요.

2. When the vowel is other than "ㅏ,ㅗ

For the ㅅ variant, remove the ㅅ and add ㅆ다(or ㅆ어요) at the end. For example, 짓다 -> 지었다 -> 지었어요。

ㅅ regular

Again, not all ㅅ endings are to be used with ㅅ irregular way.

웃다、씻다、벗다、솟다、빗다、빼앗다...etc.，
All of the above words are used in a regular way.

Summary

The following summarizes a table.

ㅅ irregular