Korean: ㅅ irregular
Most of the Korean adjectives and verbs, such as 아/어요, are used according to the basic rules of variation, but there are some exceptions, which are irregular variations (also known as variation rules). Common irregular variations include 으 irregular, ㄹ irregular, ㅂ irregular, ㅅ irregular, ㄷ irregular, 르 irregular, and ㅎ irregular.
Table of Contents
Irregularities
Most Korean adjectives and verbs follow the basic rules of variation, such as 아/어요, but some exceptions exist, and these exceptions are irregular variations.
Common irregular variations are
- 으 irregular
- ㄹ irregular
- ㅂ irregular
- ㅅ irregular
- ㄷ irregular
- 르 irregular
- ㅎ irregular
This article introduces the use of ㄷ irregular.
ㅅ irregular
When the stem ending of a verb or adjective is ㄷ and is followed by "-으니까", "-으면", "-아/어서", "-으러", "-아/어요 ", pay attention to whether or not to make an irregular change in ㅅ.
「whether or not」!? Does it mean that not all the ㄷ-final words have to be changed irregularly?
→ Yes, some of them should be ㅅ irregular and some should be ㅅ regular.
examples of ㅅ irregular,낫다(well, healed), 붓다(pour, inject), 긋다(draw a line), 잇다(catch), 짓다(cook, build), 젓다(stir).
examples of ㅅ regular,씻다(laugh), 씻다(wash), 벗다(take off), 솟다(emerge), 빗다(comb), 빼앗다(snatch).
First, let's explain the usage of ㄷ irregular.
Irregular usage.
remove the ㅅ
Then we will continue to introduce the ㅂ니다 form, 요 form, and past tense variations.
ㅂ니다 type
Same as the normal rules.
ex: 낫다 -> 낫습니다
요 type
Varies according to the vowel of the ㅅ syllable.
1. When the vowel is "ㅏ,ㅗ
The basic rule is that if the vowel is "ㅏ,ㅗ", 아요 is added at the end.
For the ㅅ variant, remove the ㅅ and add 아요 at the end.
For example, 낫다 -> 나아요.
2. When the vowel is other than "ㅏ,ㅗ
The basic rule is that when the vowel is other than "ㅏ,ㅗ", 어요 is added after it.
For the ㅅ variant, remove the ㅅ and add 어요 at the end.
For example,짓다 -> 지어요.
Past tense
The variation rule is similar to the 요-type.
1. When the vowel is "ㅏ,ㅗ
For the ㅅ variant, remove the ㅅ and add ㅆ다(or ㅆ어요) at the end. For example, 낫다 -> 나았다 -> 나았어요.
2. When the vowel is other than "ㅏ,ㅗ
For the ㅅ variant, remove the ㅅ and add ㅆ다(or ㅆ어요) at the end. For example, 짓다 -> 지었다 -> 지었어요。
ㅅ regular
Again, not all ㅅ endings are to be used with ㅅ irregular way.
웃다、씻다、벗다、솟다、빗다、빼앗다...etc.,
All of the above words are used in a regular way.
Summary
The following summarizes a table.
ㅅ irregular
verb/adj. | ㅅ irregular | ㅅ irregular past tense |
---|---|---|
낫다 | 나아요 | 나았어요 |
붓다 | 부어요 | 부었어요 |
긋다 | 그어요 | 그었어요 |
잇다 | 이어요 | 이었어요 |
짓다 | 지어요 | 지었어요 |
젓다 | 저어요 | 저었어요 |